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Joseph Austin Benwell (1816–1886) was an English artist, engraver and illustrator. He was primarily an artist in the 'orientalist' style. Many of his paintings and engravings were based on his travels in the Near and Middle East, China and India, often featuring camel caravans, Arab scenes and depictions of Indian life. == Biography == (Joseph Austin Benwell ) was born on 26 May 1816 at 35 Canterbury Square, Southwark, London, the second son of Joseph Benwell, an accountant, and his wife Charlotte. His birth was recorded in the Society of Friends Register of Births belonging to the Monthly Meeting of Gracechurch Street, London. His family had been active in the Society of Friends (Quakers) movement since the late 17th century in Berkshire and later in Somerset and Bristol. His father Joseph was born in Yatton, Somerset, but the family resided for some years in London between about 1810 and 1824, where several children were born, before moving back to the Bristol area. Joseph Austin Benwell’s paternal grandfather, John Benwell, was the founder of Sidcot School, the Quaker school in Somerset on its re-establishment in 1808, and was the author of the posthumously-published diary ''‘Extracts from a Diary kept by the late John Benwell of Sidcot...’'' (1825). Joseph Austin Benwell married Marian Boulton (1821–1892), also said to be an artist, at St George's, Bloomsbury, London on 13 July 1854. Various sources give limited information about Joseph Austin Benwell’s travels. It is known that he entered the service of the East India Company in the 1840s. He travelled to India and China before 1853, and was resident in India and Burma for a while prior to 1856.〔(Dictionary of Indian Biography ), Charles Edward Buckland, publ. S Sonnenschein, London, 1906 (page 36)〕〔Who Was Who in British India, John F Riddick, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998〕〔('The Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science and the Fine Arts’ ), 7 June 1856 (page 697)〕 His entry in 'The Dictionary of Indian Biography' states '...conspicuous for original and pleasing delineations of native life, landscape and buildings in India, evidently drawn on the spot: ...exhibited at the Royal Academy up to 1883:...he painted a series of dissolving views of Indian life, exhibited in London before 1862.' From 1865-1866 he spent time in Egypt 〔(Under Egypt's spell: the influence of Egypt on writers in English from the 18th century ), Mursi Saad El Din and John Cromer, Bellew 1991〕 and Palestine. When not on his travels he lived in Kensington, London from the early 1860s until his death in 1886. In a survey of Montpelier Street, Kensington, it is noted that 'former residents of the street include the artist Joseph Austin Benwell, a specialist in pictures of India, who was living at No. 44 in 1871'.〔(British History Online, Montpelier Square Area: Other Streets, Survey of London ): volume 45: Knightsbridge, 2000, (pp. 116-24)〕 One of his better-known works is the coloured lithograph ''Sketch of a Ward at the Hospital at Scutari'' c1855 〔('Sketch of a Ward at the Hospital at Scutari’ )〕 which depicts Florence Nightingale in an iconic and reputedly realistic〔(‘The Ultimate Spectacle: A Visual History of the Crimean War’ ), Ulrich Keller, Gordon and Breach 2001, Routledge, 2002〕 image as the lady with the lamp〔(National Army Museum ), Chelsea, London〕 at Scutari Barracks. Also in the context of the Crimean War, he produced a coloured lithograph depicting the aftermath of the Battle of Alma, ''The Heights of Alma- the Day after the Battle'' 1854, and ''Her Majesty taking leave of the Fusilier Guards previous to their departure to the East'' which was published in ‘The History of the War with Russia’ by Henry Tyrrell, 1858. Joseph Austin Benwell was a prolific illustrator for various Victorian religious publications, particularly those published by the Religious Tract Society and with a missionary theme, for example ''‘The Sunday at Home: A Family Magazine for Sabbath Reading’'', ''‘The Leisure Hour, a Family Journal of Instruction and Recreation’'' and ‘''The Picture Scrap Book’'' series (the latter aimed at Victorian youth) during the 1850s through to the mid-1860s. His entry in the Modern English Biography〔Modern English Biography Vol IV c.373, Frederic Boase, publ. Frank Cass & Co Ltd 1892, 1908, 1965〕 states that he '...executed thousands of wood blocks for the Religious Tract Society to about 1876, and in Missionary publications; illustrated The Illustrated London News and Sunday at Home for many years...'. The 1862 edition of 'Sunday at Home'〔(The Sunday at Home 1862 ) (page 760)〕 refers to '...an interesting series of 'Indian Illustrations of Scripture', delivered in the form of a lecture by the Rev W M Robertson BA of London, with the aid of 'dissolving views' painted by Mr Benwell, formerly of Calcutta, many of whose Indian scenes have already appeared in The Sunday at Home’. Joseph Austin Benwell also provided illustrations for other Victorian periodicals, although not necessarily with a religious theme, including the literary Cornhill Magazine and ''‘The Welcome Guest: a Magazine of Recreative Reading for All’''. He produced illustrations on Indian and Eastern life for The Illustrated London News between 1857 and 1864. He illustrated several books, including ''‘The Three Presidencies of India: a History of the Rise and Progress of the British Indian Possessions, from the Earliest Records to the Present Time’'' by John Capper, 1853; ''‘Our Indian Army: A Military History of the British Empire in the East’'' by Captain Rafter, 1855〔 and ''‘Romance of Modern Missions: A Home in the Land of Snows and other Sketches of Missionary Life’'' by Miss Cecilia Lucy Brightwell, 1870. Later in his life Joseph Austin Benwell focused on watercolour and gouache paintings in the style of the Orientalist art movement (Orientalism).〔Les Orientalistes Peintres Voyageurs, 1828-1908’, L Thornton, 1983〕 Most of his works in this genre were painted from around 1865 up until close to his death in 1886.〔(Victorian Painters: The Text ), Christopher Wood, Antique Collectors' Club 1995/2008〕 His subjects were principally Egyptian, Syrian and Arabian; he specialised in Bedouins and their camps and caravans traversing the desert with camels, often with ancient ruins in the background or featuring a 'white camel' in his paintings.〔(Les Orientalistes de l'École Britannique ), G M Ackerman, Paris, 1991 (page 315)〕 He also painted scenes from the Holy Land, mainly of Jerusalem, Palestine and Sinai.〔(Painting the Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century ), Yehoshua Ben-Arieh, 1997〕 It was during this period that he exhibited most widely, at institutions including The Royal Academy,〔(The Royal Academy of Arts ) - A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and their work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904', Algernon Graves FSA, 1905 (page 183)〕 The Royal Society of British Artists, The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, and other institutions and galleries around Britain.〔(A Dictionary of Artists who have Exhibited Works in the Principal London Exhibitions of oil paintings from 1760 to 1880 ), Algernon Graves, George Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden, London, 1884 (page 23)〕〔‘Works Exhibited at the Royal Society of British Artists, 1824-1893 and the New English Art Club 1888-1917’, Jane Johnson, Antique Collectors' Club, 1975〕〔‘Auction prices of 19th century artists’ 1970-1980 edited by Richard Hislop, Weybridge, Surrey. Art Sales Index, 1982〕 He also exhibited at the London International Exhibition of 1873,〔(London International Exhibition, 1873, Official Catalogue )〕 and the Sydney (1879-80).〔(Descriptive Catalogue of Pictures &C in the Art Gallery of the International Exhibition, Sydney 1879-80 )〕 and Melbourne (1880-81) International Exhibitions. Benwell is referred to in various art dictionaries such as The Dictionary of British Book Illustrators and Caricaturists 1800-1914,〔The Dictionary of British Book Illustrators and Caricaturists 1800-1914, Simon Houfe, Woodbridge, Antique Collectors' Club, 1981〕 The Dictionary of British Watercolour Artists up to 1920,〔The Dictionary of Watercolour Artists up to 1920; Vol 1, H L Mallalieu, Woodbridge, Antique Collectors' Club, 1976〕 the Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940,〔The Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940, J Johnson and A Greutzner, Antique Collectors' Club research project, 1976〕 the Dictionary of Victorian Wood Engravers〔Dictionary of Victorian Wood Engravers, Rodney K Engen, Cambridge, Teaneck N J, 1985〕 and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists.〔Benezit Dictionary of Artists Vol 2, Paris, Librairie Gründ, 2006〕 Several of Joseph Austin Benwell’s cousins were artistically talented. His first cousin, William Arnee Frank (1809–1897), the son of his aunt Hannah Benwell, was also an artist who published a series of lithographs of Bristol views in 1831 held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.〔(Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge )〕 His landscape watercolours were mostly of views around Bristol, the Wye Valley and North Wales and he was active well into his eighties, still showing work at the West of England Academy in 1891. Another first cousin, son of his aunt Rebecca Benwell, was David Holt (1828–1880), a published poet (including 'Poems, Rural and Miscellaneous', publ. Gillett 1846; 'A Lay of Hero Worship, and other poems', publ. Pickering, 1850 and 'Janus, Lake Sonnets etc. and other Poems', publ. George Bell, 1853).〔(The Quaker Poets of Great Britain and Ireland ), Evelyn Noble Armitage, 1896〕 His second cousin (once-removed) was Thomas Benwell Latchmore (1832–1908), the photographer from Hitchin whose works from the early 1860s are documented in the Hitchin Museum and Art Gallery. Another cousin taught art and drawing at a Quaker school. There were no recorded surviving children from Joseph Austin Benwell's marriage to his wife Marian. Joseph Austin Benwell died at his home, 13 Abingdon Villas, Kensington, London on 13 May 1886, and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, Kensington. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Austin Benwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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